Cuaderno
Más allá de la nostalgia poscolonial: los melodramas Deseando Amar y 2046 de Wong Kar-wai
Publicado 31.01.2018
Palabras clave
- Melodrama,
- nostalgia,
- Wong Kar-wai,
- Hong Kong,
- Deseando amar
- 2046 ...Más
Resumen
El wenyi pian, el equivalente chino de melodrama, ha resurgido en el cine de Hong Kong a principios del siglo XXI. En tanto que apela a los sentimientos de la audiencia, es el género más apropiado para contar historias personales en el contexto de una sociedad cambiante. La obra de Wong Kar-wai reviste especial interés para los investigadores del wenyi pian. Su mayor éxito hasta la fecha, Deseando amar (Fa yeung nin wa, 2000), y su continuación 2046 (2004) revisitan los clásicos de la segunda edad de oro del cine chino. Enriquecen el wenyi tradicional con las sensibilidades sociopolíticas del Hong Kong en transición, y reinventan las convenciones del melodrama –la narrativa no lineal, voz en off, música y escenografía– para retratar la nostalgia poscolonial.
Citas
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— (1997). <em>Hong Kong: Culture and the Politics of Disappearance</em>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.<br>
Adelman, H., Barkan, E. (2011). <em>No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation</em>. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.<br>
Banks, J. (2011). <em>Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks Bart., K.B., P.R.S.: During Captain Cook’s First Voyage in HMS </em>Endeavour<em> in 1768-71</em>. Cambridge University Press.<br>
Barthes, R. (1978). <em>A Lover’s Discourse</em>. Nueva York: Hill and Wang.<br>
Battesti, M. (2016). Nostalgia in the Army (17th-19th Centuries). <em>Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience</em>, 38, 132-143. <br>
Bettinson, G. (2015). <em>The Sensuous Cinema of Wong Kar-wai: Film Poetics and the Aesthetic of Disturbance.</em> Hong Kong University Press.<br>
Boym, S. (2001). <em>The Future of Nostalgia</em>. Nueva York: Basic Books. <br>
Brunette, P. (2005). <em>Wong Kar-Wai</em>. University of Illinois Press.<br>
Camhi, L. (2001, Enero 28). Setting His Tale of Love Found in a City Long Lost. <em>The New York Times</em>. Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/28/movies/film-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html<br>
Carvalho, L. (2009). <em>The Ambivalent Identity of Wong Kar-wai’s Cinema</em>. Tesis Doctoral. University of Montreal.<br>
Chow, R. (2002). Sentimental Returns: On the Uses of the Everyday in the Recent Films of Zhang Yimou and Wong Kar-wai. <em>New Literary History</em>, 33(4), 639-654.<br>
Clark, H. (2000). <em>The cheongsam</em>. Oxford University Press.<br>
Cross, G. (2015). <em>Consumed Nostalgia: Memory in the Age of Fast Capitalism</em>. Columbia University Press.<br>
Cui, M. (2007). <em>The Cinema of Wong Kar Wai: Chinese and Western Culture Differences in Narrative Cinemas</em>. University of Bedfordshire.<br>
Daruvala, S. (2007). The Aesthetics and Moral Politics of Fei Mu’s Spring in a Small Town. <em>Journal of Chinese Cinema, </em>1(3), 169-185.<br>
Deleuze, G. (1989). <em>Cinema 2: The Time-Image</em>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <br>
— (1986). <em>Cinema 1: The Movement-Image</em>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.<br>
Eberstein, B. (1990). The Rise of Modern Chinese Drama. En B. Eberstein (ed.), <em>A Selective Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949: Vol. 4</em>, <em>The Drama</em> (pp. 3-46). Leiden: Brill.<br>
Fernstein, H. (2004, Septiembre 21). It Was Like Being in Jail. <em>The Guardian</em>. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/sep/21/londonfilmfestival2004.londonfilmfestival.html<br>
Finnane, A. (2008). <em>Changing Clothes in China: Fashion, History, Nation</em>. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.<br>
Fritzsche, P. (2002). How Nostalgia Narrates Modernity. En A. Confino and P. Fritzsche (eds.),<em> The Work of Memory: New Directions in the Study of German Society and Culture</em> (pp. 62-85). University of Illinois Press.<br>
Frost, I. (1938). Homesickness and Immigrant Psychoses: Austrian and German Domestic Servants the Basis of Study. <em>Journal of Mental Science</em>, 84, 801-847.<br>
Fuller, G. (2001). Giving Muscle to the Imaginary. <em>Interview</em>, 31(2), 96. <br>
Goodman, K. «Uncertain disease»: The Science of Nostalgia. <em>Hektoen International, A Journal of Medical Humanities.</em> Recuperado de http://hekint.org/index.php/past-issues?id=1294<br>
Hofer, J. (1934). Dissertatio medica de nostalgia. <em>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</em>, 2, 376-391.<br>
Homero (1998). <em>The Odyssey</em>. Nueva York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.<br>
Illbruck, H. (2012). <em>Nostalgia. Origins and Ends of an Unenlightened Disease</em>. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.<br>
Jacobson, G. C. (1982). <em>The Life and Music of Ernesto Lecuona</em>.Tesis Doctoral. University of Florida.<br>
Jameson, F. (1991). <em>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Post Contemporary Interventions</em>. Durham: Duke University Press.<br>
Jankélévitch, V. (1974). <em>L’Irréversible et la nostalgie</em>. París: Flammarion.<br>
Keefe, T. (2012, Noviembre 30). Tony Leung and <em>2046</em>. <em>The Hollywood Interview</em>. Recuperado de http://thehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com.es/2010/01/tony-leung-and-2046-hollywood-interview.html<br>
Klibansky, R., Panofsky, E., Saxl, F. (1964). <em>Saturn and Melancholy</em>. Nueva York: Basic Books.<br>
Lalanne, J. M., Abbas, A., Ngai, J. (1997). <em>Wong Kar-wai</em>. París: Dis Voir.<br>
Lau, J. (2010, Agosto 30). History of a Dress, Chinese Style. <em>The New York Times. </em>Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/31/fashion/31iht-FDRESS.html<br>
Lee, C. (2008), «We’ll Always Have Hong Kong»: Uncanny Spaces and Disappearing Memories in the Films of Wong Kar Wai. En C. Lee (ed.), <em>Violating Time: History, Memory and Nostalgia in Cinema</em>. Nueva York: Continuum. <br>
Lee, L. O. (1999). <em>Shanghai Modern: the Flowering of a New Urban Culture in China 1930-1945. </em>Harvard University Press.<br>
Lee, V. (2009). <em>Hong Kong Cinema Since 1997: The Post-Nostalgic Imagination</em>. Palgrave Macmillan.<br>
Lowenthal, D. (1985). <em>The Past is a Foreign Country</em>. Cambridge University Press. <br>
Lynch, A., Strauss, M. D. (2015). <em>Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopaedia.</em> Nueva York: Rowman & Littlefield. <br>
Montmayeur, Y.<em> In the Mood for Doyle</em> (2007). Youtube video, Cinephilia and Beyond. Recuperado de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tqmBHZGx04<br>
<em>Qipao Tour Preparation.</em> <em>Newman Tours. </em>Recuperado de http://www.newmantours.com/Qipao_Tour_Preparation.html<br>
Román, M. (2015). <em>Bolero de amor. Historias de la canción romántica</em>. Millenio.<br>
Simons, G. (1996). <em>Cuba: From Conquistador to Castro</em>. Londres: Macmillan Press.<br>
Starobinski, J. (1966). The Idea of Nostalgia. <em>Diogenes, </em>54, 81-103.<br>
Tam, M. (2017, Julio 8). Hong Kong Students See Independence as the Only Way out for Future of Hong Kong Following Beijing’s Disavowal of Sino-British Joint Declaration. <em>Hong Kong Local Press</em>. Recuperado de http://www.localpresshk.com/2017/07/hong-kong-students-see-independence-as-the-only-way-out-for-future-of-hong-kong-following-beijings-disavowal-of-sino-british-joint-declaration.html<br>
Teo, S. (2006). Chinese Melodrama: The Wenyi Genre. En L. Badley, R. B. Palmer, S. J. Schneider (eds.), <em>Traditions in World Cinema</em> (pp. 203-212). Edinburgh University Press. <br>
— (2005). <em>Wong Kar-wai: Auteur of Time</em>. Londres: British Film Institute.<br>
Tobias, S. (2001, Febrero 28). Wong Kar-wai interview. <em>A. V. Club</em>. Recuperado de http://www.avclub.com/article/wong-kar-wai-13700<br>
Trouillaud, P. (2010, Febrero 2). Shanghai women revisit <em>In the Mood for Love.</em> <em>The Telegraph</em>. Recuperado de http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/7138842/Shanghai-women-revisit-In-the-Mood-for-Love.html<br>
Tse, G. (2014). Paratex, Liu Yi-chang and Nostalgia in Wong Kar-wai’s <em>In the Mood for Love</em>. <em>Nostalgia</em>, Society of Comparative Literature, Session 2013-2014, 32-47. <br>
Wang, D. D. (2013). A Spring That Brought Eternal Regret: Fei Mu, Mei Lanfang, and the Poetics of Screening China. En D. D. Wang, <em>The Lyrical in Epic Time: Modern Chinese intellectuals and Artists Through the 1949 Crisis</em> (pp. 271-310). Nueva York: Columbia University Press.<br>
Wilde, O. (2007). <em>The Collected Works of Oscar Wilde</em>. Londres: Wordsworth Editions.<br>
Wong, K., Powers, J. (2016). <em>WKW: The Cinema of Wong Kar Wai</em>. Rizzoli.<br>
Yang, C. C. (2007). <em>The meanings of qipao as traditional dress: Chinese and Taiwanese perspectives</em>. Tesis Doctoral. Iowa State University.<br>
Yeh, E. (2012). Wenyi and the Branding of Early Chinese Film. <em>Journal of Chinese Cinemas</em>, 6(1), 65-94. <br>
— (2009). Pitfalls of Cross-Cultural Analysis: Chinese Wenyi Film and Melodrama. <em>Asian Journal of Communication</em>, 19(4), 438-452.<br>
— (2006). <em>Innovation or Recycling? Mandarin Classics and the Return of the Wenyi Tradition</em>. Manuscrito. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies.<br>
Yeh, E. Y., Hu, L. W. (2007). <em>Transcultural Sounds: Music, Identity and the Cinema of Wong Kar-wai</em>. Tesis doctoral. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies.<br>
Yue, A. (2004). Migration-as-Transition: Pre-Post-1997 Hong Kong Culture in Clara Law’s Autumn Moon. En E. Cheung, C. Yiu-wai (eds.), <em>Between Home and World: A Reader in Hong Kong Cinema</em> (pp. 224-246). Oxford University Press.<br>
Yi-chang, L. (1988). Intersection. <em>Renditions, </em>29/30, 84-101. <br>
Zhang, Y. (1999). Cinema and Urban Culture in Republican Shanghai. En Y. Zhang (ed.), <em>Cinema and Urban Culture in Shanghai</em>, <em>1922-1943</em> (pp. 3-26). Stanford University Press.</p>
— (1997). <em>Hong Kong: Culture and the Politics of Disappearance</em>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.<br>
Adelman, H., Barkan, E. (2011). <em>No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation</em>. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.<br>
Banks, J. (2011). <em>Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks Bart., K.B., P.R.S.: During Captain Cook’s First Voyage in HMS </em>Endeavour<em> in 1768-71</em>. Cambridge University Press.<br>
Barthes, R. (1978). <em>A Lover’s Discourse</em>. Nueva York: Hill and Wang.<br>
Battesti, M. (2016). Nostalgia in the Army (17th-19th Centuries). <em>Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience</em>, 38, 132-143. <br>
Bettinson, G. (2015). <em>The Sensuous Cinema of Wong Kar-wai: Film Poetics and the Aesthetic of Disturbance.</em> Hong Kong University Press.<br>
Boym, S. (2001). <em>The Future of Nostalgia</em>. Nueva York: Basic Books. <br>
Brunette, P. (2005). <em>Wong Kar-Wai</em>. University of Illinois Press.<br>
Camhi, L. (2001, Enero 28). Setting His Tale of Love Found in a City Long Lost. <em>The New York Times</em>. Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/28/movies/film-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html<br>
Carvalho, L. (2009). <em>The Ambivalent Identity of Wong Kar-wai’s Cinema</em>. Tesis Doctoral. University of Montreal.<br>
Chow, R. (2002). Sentimental Returns: On the Uses of the Everyday in the Recent Films of Zhang Yimou and Wong Kar-wai. <em>New Literary History</em>, 33(4), 639-654.<br>
Clark, H. (2000). <em>The cheongsam</em>. Oxford University Press.<br>
Cross, G. (2015). <em>Consumed Nostalgia: Memory in the Age of Fast Capitalism</em>. Columbia University Press.<br>
Cui, M. (2007). <em>The Cinema of Wong Kar Wai: Chinese and Western Culture Differences in Narrative Cinemas</em>. University of Bedfordshire.<br>
Daruvala, S. (2007). The Aesthetics and Moral Politics of Fei Mu’s Spring in a Small Town. <em>Journal of Chinese Cinema, </em>1(3), 169-185.<br>
Deleuze, G. (1989). <em>Cinema 2: The Time-Image</em>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <br>
— (1986). <em>Cinema 1: The Movement-Image</em>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.<br>
Eberstein, B. (1990). The Rise of Modern Chinese Drama. En B. Eberstein (ed.), <em>A Selective Guide to Chinese Literature 1900-1949: Vol. 4</em>, <em>The Drama</em> (pp. 3-46). Leiden: Brill.<br>
Fernstein, H. (2004, Septiembre 21). It Was Like Being in Jail. <em>The Guardian</em>. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/sep/21/londonfilmfestival2004.londonfilmfestival.html<br>
Finnane, A. (2008). <em>Changing Clothes in China: Fashion, History, Nation</em>. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.<br>
Fritzsche, P. (2002). How Nostalgia Narrates Modernity. En A. Confino and P. Fritzsche (eds.),<em> The Work of Memory: New Directions in the Study of German Society and Culture</em> (pp. 62-85). University of Illinois Press.<br>
Frost, I. (1938). Homesickness and Immigrant Psychoses: Austrian and German Domestic Servants the Basis of Study. <em>Journal of Mental Science</em>, 84, 801-847.<br>
Fuller, G. (2001). Giving Muscle to the Imaginary. <em>Interview</em>, 31(2), 96. <br>
Goodman, K. «Uncertain disease»: The Science of Nostalgia. <em>Hektoen International, A Journal of Medical Humanities.</em> Recuperado de http://hekint.org/index.php/past-issues?id=1294<br>
Hofer, J. (1934). Dissertatio medica de nostalgia. <em>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</em>, 2, 376-391.<br>
Homero (1998). <em>The Odyssey</em>. Nueva York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.<br>
Illbruck, H. (2012). <em>Nostalgia. Origins and Ends of an Unenlightened Disease</em>. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.<br>
Jacobson, G. C. (1982). <em>The Life and Music of Ernesto Lecuona</em>.Tesis Doctoral. University of Florida.<br>
Jameson, F. (1991). <em>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Post Contemporary Interventions</em>. Durham: Duke University Press.<br>
Jankélévitch, V. (1974). <em>L’Irréversible et la nostalgie</em>. París: Flammarion.<br>
Keefe, T. (2012, Noviembre 30). Tony Leung and <em>2046</em>. <em>The Hollywood Interview</em>. Recuperado de http://thehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com.es/2010/01/tony-leung-and-2046-hollywood-interview.html<br>
Klibansky, R., Panofsky, E., Saxl, F. (1964). <em>Saturn and Melancholy</em>. Nueva York: Basic Books.<br>
Lalanne, J. M., Abbas, A., Ngai, J. (1997). <em>Wong Kar-wai</em>. París: Dis Voir.<br>
Lau, J. (2010, Agosto 30). History of a Dress, Chinese Style. <em>The New York Times. </em>Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/31/fashion/31iht-FDRESS.html<br>
Lee, C. (2008), «We’ll Always Have Hong Kong»: Uncanny Spaces and Disappearing Memories in the Films of Wong Kar Wai. En C. Lee (ed.), <em>Violating Time: History, Memory and Nostalgia in Cinema</em>. Nueva York: Continuum. <br>
Lee, L. O. (1999). <em>Shanghai Modern: the Flowering of a New Urban Culture in China 1930-1945. </em>Harvard University Press.<br>
Lee, V. (2009). <em>Hong Kong Cinema Since 1997: The Post-Nostalgic Imagination</em>. Palgrave Macmillan.<br>
Lowenthal, D. (1985). <em>The Past is a Foreign Country</em>. Cambridge University Press. <br>
Lynch, A., Strauss, M. D. (2015). <em>Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopaedia.</em> Nueva York: Rowman & Littlefield. <br>
Montmayeur, Y.<em> In the Mood for Doyle</em> (2007). Youtube video, Cinephilia and Beyond. Recuperado de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tqmBHZGx04<br>
<em>Qipao Tour Preparation.</em> <em>Newman Tours. </em>Recuperado de http://www.newmantours.com/Qipao_Tour_Preparation.html<br>
Román, M. (2015). <em>Bolero de amor. Historias de la canción romántica</em>. Millenio.<br>
Simons, G. (1996). <em>Cuba: From Conquistador to Castro</em>. Londres: Macmillan Press.<br>
Starobinski, J. (1966). The Idea of Nostalgia. <em>Diogenes, </em>54, 81-103.<br>
Tam, M. (2017, Julio 8). Hong Kong Students See Independence as the Only Way out for Future of Hong Kong Following Beijing’s Disavowal of Sino-British Joint Declaration. <em>Hong Kong Local Press</em>. Recuperado de http://www.localpresshk.com/2017/07/hong-kong-students-see-independence-as-the-only-way-out-for-future-of-hong-kong-following-beijings-disavowal-of-sino-british-joint-declaration.html<br>
Teo, S. (2006). Chinese Melodrama: The Wenyi Genre. En L. Badley, R. B. Palmer, S. J. Schneider (eds.), <em>Traditions in World Cinema</em> (pp. 203-212). Edinburgh University Press. <br>
— (2005). <em>Wong Kar-wai: Auteur of Time</em>. Londres: British Film Institute.<br>
Tobias, S. (2001, Febrero 28). Wong Kar-wai interview. <em>A. V. Club</em>. Recuperado de http://www.avclub.com/article/wong-kar-wai-13700<br>
Trouillaud, P. (2010, Febrero 2). Shanghai women revisit <em>In the Mood for Love.</em> <em>The Telegraph</em>. Recuperado de http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/7138842/Shanghai-women-revisit-In-the-Mood-for-Love.html<br>
Tse, G. (2014). Paratex, Liu Yi-chang and Nostalgia in Wong Kar-wai’s <em>In the Mood for Love</em>. <em>Nostalgia</em>, Society of Comparative Literature, Session 2013-2014, 32-47. <br>
Wang, D. D. (2013). A Spring That Brought Eternal Regret: Fei Mu, Mei Lanfang, and the Poetics of Screening China. En D. D. Wang, <em>The Lyrical in Epic Time: Modern Chinese intellectuals and Artists Through the 1949 Crisis</em> (pp. 271-310). Nueva York: Columbia University Press.<br>
Wilde, O. (2007). <em>The Collected Works of Oscar Wilde</em>. Londres: Wordsworth Editions.<br>
Wong, K., Powers, J. (2016). <em>WKW: The Cinema of Wong Kar Wai</em>. Rizzoli.<br>
Yang, C. C. (2007). <em>The meanings of qipao as traditional dress: Chinese and Taiwanese perspectives</em>. Tesis Doctoral. Iowa State University.<br>
Yeh, E. (2012). Wenyi and the Branding of Early Chinese Film. <em>Journal of Chinese Cinemas</em>, 6(1), 65-94. <br>
— (2009). Pitfalls of Cross-Cultural Analysis: Chinese Wenyi Film and Melodrama. <em>Asian Journal of Communication</em>, 19(4), 438-452.<br>
— (2006). <em>Innovation or Recycling? Mandarin Classics and the Return of the Wenyi Tradition</em>. Manuscrito. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies.<br>
Yeh, E. Y., Hu, L. W. (2007). <em>Transcultural Sounds: Music, Identity and the Cinema of Wong Kar-wai</em>. Tesis doctoral. Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies.<br>
Yue, A. (2004). Migration-as-Transition: Pre-Post-1997 Hong Kong Culture in Clara Law’s Autumn Moon. En E. Cheung, C. Yiu-wai (eds.), <em>Between Home and World: A Reader in Hong Kong Cinema</em> (pp. 224-246). Oxford University Press.<br>
Yi-chang, L. (1988). Intersection. <em>Renditions, </em>29/30, 84-101. <br>
Zhang, Y. (1999). Cinema and Urban Culture in Republican Shanghai. En Y. Zhang (ed.), <em>Cinema and Urban Culture in Shanghai</em>, <em>1922-1943</em> (pp. 3-26). Stanford University Press.</p>